Skip to main content

VPN

Overview & Architecture

This document describes the modern, high-performance WireGuard VPN service running on the internal infrastructure server ul (10.0.0.3) with full IPv4 and IPv6 dual-stack pass-through from the edge router danknasty (OpenBSD pf).

Network Topology

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                    Internet / WAN                                       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                               │                                       │
                      IPv4 UDP Port 51820                     IPv6 UDP Port 51820
                               │                                       │
                               ▼                                       ▼
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                         danknasty (OpenBSD Router & Gateway)                            |
|                     WAN IPv4: 71.25.179.69                                              |
|                     WAN IPv6: 2603:3001:626:9d80::/64                                   |
|                     LAN: 10.0.0.1 / fd77:7777:5010::1                                   |
|                                                                                         |
| PF Inbound Rules:                                                                       |
|   pass in quick on $ext inet proto udp from any to any port 51820 rdr-to 10.0.0.3       |
|   pass in quick on $ext inet6 proto udp from any to $ul_gu port 51820                    |
|     rdr-to $ul_ula port 51820                                                           |
|                                                                                         |
| Static Route for VPN IPv6 Subnet:                                                       |
|   route add -inet6 fd77:7777:5010:7700::/64 fd77:7777:5010:0:1337:f1ac:d00d:337         |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                               │                                       │
                               └───────────────────┬───────────────────┘
                                                   │
                                                   ▼
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                               ul.drheck.dev (VPN Server)                                |
|                        IPv4: 10.0.0.3 | IPv6: fd77:7777:5010:0:1337:f1ac:d00d:337       |
|                               WireGuard Interface: wg0                                  |
|                 IPv4 Address: 10.77.0.1/24 | IPv6 Address: fd77:7777:5010:7700::1/64    |
|                                                                                         |
|  - Full Dual-Stack In-Kernel WireGuard Tunneling (ChaCha20-Poly1305, Curve25519)       |
|  - Dual-Stack IPv4 & IPv6 Forwarding & MASQUERADE NAT for outgoing client traffic       |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
                               │                                       │
               ┌───────────────┴───────────────┐       ┌───────────────┴───────────────┐
               ▼                               ▼       ▼                               ▼
      10.0.0.0/24 LAN Hosts          WAN IPv4 via danknasty  fd77:7777:5010::/64 ULA   WAN IPv6 via danknasty

Server Configuration

Parameters & Endpoints

Setting Value
Server Host ul.drheck.dev (10.0.0.3)
Edge Router danknasty.drheck.dev (10.0.0.1)
Public IPv4 Endpoint 71.25.179.69:51820
Public IPv6 Endpoint [2603:3001:626:9d80:1337:f1ac:d00d:337]:51820
FQDN Endpoint vpn.drheck.dev:51820 (or ul.drheck.dev:51820)
Protocol & Port UDP 51820 (IPv4 and IPv6)
VPN IPv4 Subnet 10.77.0.0/24 (Server: 10.77.0.1)
VPN IPv6 Subnet fd77:7777:5010:7700::/64 (Server: fd77:7777:5010:7700::1)
DNS Resolvers 10.0.0.1, fd77:7777:5010::1 (Unbound on danknasty)
Server Public Key ubh+z69hcWcUKgHl3LVfm54sYkDZAaocIKNN5zlsZWA=

Router (danknasty) PF & Route Configuration

Tracked in /home/luke/git/router_config/pf.conf:

# Ports
wireguard = "51820"

# IPv4 Inbound
pass in quick on $ext inet proto udp from any to any port $wireguard rdr-to $ul_ipv4

# IPv6 Inbound
pass in quick on $ext inet6 proto udp from any to $ul_gu port $wireguard rdr-to $ul_ula port $wireguard

IPv6 routing in /home/luke/git/router_config/hostname.em1:

!route add -inet6 fd77:7777:5010:7700::/64 fd77:7777:5010:0:1337:f1ac:d00d:337

DNS Access Control in /home/luke/git/router_config/unbound.conf:

access-control: 10.77.0.0/24 allow
access-control: fd77:7777:5010:7700::/64 allow

Server (ul) Interface Configuration: /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf

[Interface]
Address = 10.77.0.1/24, fd77:7777:5010:7700::1/64
ListenPort = 51820
PrivateKey = <SERVER_PRIVATE_KEY>

# Dual-stack packet forwarding and NAT masquerade
PostUp = iptables -A FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT; iptables -A FORWARD -o wg0 -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.77.0.0/24 -o eth77 -j MASQUERADE; ip6tables -A FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT; ip6tables -A FORWARD -o wg0 -j ACCEPT; ip6tables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s fd77:7777:5010:7700::/64 -o eth77 -j MASQUERADE
PostDown = iptables -D FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT; iptables -D FORWARD -o wg0 -j ACCEPT; iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s 10.77.0.0/24 -o eth77 -j MASQUERADE; ip6tables -D FORWARD -i wg0 -j ACCEPT; ip6tables -D FORWARD -o wg0 -j ACCEPT; ip6tables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s fd77:7777:5010:7700::/64 -o eth77 -j MASQUERADE

# Peer entry template
[Peer]
PublicKey = <CLIENT_PUBLIC_KEY>
PresharedKey = <PRESHARED_KEY>
AllowedIPs = 10.77.0.X/32, fd77:7777:5010:7700::X/128

Client Management Utilities

Management scripts are installed in /home/luke/bin/ on ul:

1. Adding Clients (wg-addclient)

# Syntax: wg-addclient <device-name> [optional_ip_octet]
# IP is automatically assigned to the next available address if omitted:
wg-addclient macbook
wg-addclient iphone

# Or manually specify an IP octet if preferred:
wg-addclient custom-device 10

This utility:

  • Automatically allocates the next free IPv4 & IPv6 addresses.
  • Generates private/public keypairs + Pre-shared Key (PSK).
  • Creates the client configuration in /etc/wireguard/clients/<name>.conf.
  • Injects the peer into /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf and live kernel interface dynamically.
  • Renders an ASCII QR code in the terminal for instant mobile setup.

2. Listing Active Clients (wg-listclients)

wg-listclients

Prints all configured clients, their assigned IP addresses, and their WireGuard public keys.

3. Revoking / Removing Clients (wg-delclient)

# Syntax: wg-delclient <device-name>
wg-delclient macbook

This utility:

  • Instantly drops the peer from the live in-kernel WireGuard routing table (sudo wg set wg0 peer <pubkey> remove), severing all active sessions.
  • Removes the [Peer] block from /etc/wireguard/wg0.conf.
  • Deletes the stored configuration file /etc/wireguard/clients/<name>.conf.

To display a QR code for mobile devices:

sudo qrencode -t ansiutf8 < /etc/wireguard/clients/<name>.conf

Client Setup Instructions (All Platforms)

1. Apple macOS & iOS

Setup via Mobile / QR Code (iOS)

  1. Install WireGuard from the App Store.
  2. Open the app, tap + -> Create from QR code.
  3. On ul, run sudo qrencode -t ansiutf8 < /etc/wireguard/clients/<client-name>.conf and scan the terminal screen.
  4. Name the tunnel drheck and toggle to connect.

Setup via Desktop App (macOS)

  1. Install WireGuard from the Mac App Store.
  2. Copy the .conf file from /etc/wireguard/clients/<name>.conf to your Mac.
  3. Open WireGuard, click Import tunnel(s) from file, and select the .conf file.
  4. Click Activate.

2. Linux (systemd-networkd / NetworkManager / wg-quick)

Method A: wg-quick

  1. Install wireguard-tools:
    • Arch Linux: sudo pacman -S wireguard-tools
    • Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install wireguard-tools
    • Fedora: sudo dnf install wireguard-tools
  2. Save your configuration as /etc/wireguard/drheck.conf: 
    [Interface]
PrivateKey = <CLIENT_PRIVATE_KEY>
Address = 10.77.0.X/24, fd77:7777:5010:7700::X/64
DNS = 10.0.0.1, fd77:7777:5010::1

[Peer]
PublicKey = ubh+z69hcWcUKgHl3LVfm54sYkDZAaocIKNN5zlsZWA=
PresharedKey = <PRESHARED_KEY>
Endpoint = 71.25.179.69:51820
AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0
PersistentKeepalive = 25
  3. Bring the tunnel up: 
    sudo wg-quick up drheck
# To enable on boot:
sudo systemctl enable --now wg-quick@drheck

Method B: NetworkManager

sudo nmcli connection import type wireguard file /path/to/<name>.conf
sudo nmcli connection up <name>

3. Android

  1. Install WireGuard from Google Play Store or F-Droid.
  2. Tap the floating + button in the bottom-right corner.
  3. Select Scan from QR code and scan the output of: 
    sudo qrencode -t ansiutf8 < /etc/wireguard/clients/<name>.conf
  4. Enter tunnel name drheck and tap to activate.

4. Microsoft Windows

  1. Download and run the official installer from wireguard.com/install.
  2. Click Add Tunnel (or press Ctrl+O) and open <name>.conf.
  3. Click Activate.

5. OpenBSD / FreeBSD

OpenBSD (hostname.wg0)

Create /etc/hostname.wg0:

inet 10.77.0.X 255.255.255.0 NONE
inet6 fd77:7777:5010:7700::X 64
wgkey <CLIENT_PRIVATE_KEY>
wgpeer ubh+z69hcWcUKgHl3LVfm54sYkDZAaocIKNN5zlsZWA= \
  wgpresharedkey <PRESHARED_KEY> \
  wgendpoint 71.25.179.69 51820 \
  wgaip 0.0.0.0/0 wgaip ::/0
up

Run sh /etc/netstart wg0.

Split Tunneling vs Full Tunneling

By default, the client configuration routes all traffic (AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0, ::/0) through the home network connection.

If you only want access to the internal drheck.dev LAN resources and DNS without tunneling general internet browsing, adjust AllowedIPs in the client's [Peer] section:

# Split Tunnel (Internal LAN & VPN Subnet Only)
AllowedIPs = 10.0.0.0/24, 10.77.0.0/24, fd77:7777:5010::/48